Tuesday, October 28, 2008
Poultry Disease and Raising Quail, (Part 3)
PARASITES (EXTERNAL)
Capillaria (Capillary or Thread Worms)
There are several species of Capillaria that occur in poultry. Capillaria
annulata and Capillaria contorta occur in the crop and esophagus.
These may cause thickening and inflammation of the mucosa, and
occasionally severe losses are sustained in turkeys and game birds.
In the lower intestinal tract there may be several different species but
usually Capillaria obsignata is the most prevalent. The life cycle of this
parasite is direct. The adult worms may be embedded in the lining of
the intestine. The eggs are laid and passed in the droppings. Following
embryonation that takes six to eight days, the eggs are infective to any
other poultry that may eat them. The most severe damage occurs within
two weeks of infection. The parasites frequently produce severe
inflammation and sometimes cause hemorrhage. Erosion of the
intestinal lining may be extensive and result in death. These parasites
may become a severe problem in deep litter houses. Reduced growth,
egg production and fertility may result from heavy infections.
If present in large numbers, these parasites are usually easy to find at
necropsy. Eggs may be difficult to find in droppings, due to the small
size and time of infection.
Since treatment for capillaria is often lacking, control is best achieved
by preventive measures. Some drugs, fed at low levels, may be of value
in reducing the level of infection on problem farms. Game birds should
be raised on wire to remove the threat of infection. As some species of
capillaria have an indirect life cycle, control measures may have to be
directed toward the intermediate host. Hygromycin and meldane may be
used for control.
Additional vitamin A may be of value. Effective treatments that are not
approved by the Food and Drug Administration are fenbendazole and leviamisole.
All the information above can be found at www.msucares.com. It is to be used for educational purposes only.
We at www.howtoraisequail.com take no responsibility for the use or outcome of this information
-----------------------------------------------------------------
To find out more about Raising Quail visit:
How to Raise Quail.com
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Capillaria (Capillary or Thread Worms)
There are several species of Capillaria that occur in poultry. Capillaria
annulata and Capillaria contorta occur in the crop and esophagus.
These may cause thickening and inflammation of the mucosa, and
occasionally severe losses are sustained in turkeys and game birds.
In the lower intestinal tract there may be several different species but
usually Capillaria obsignata is the most prevalent. The life cycle of this
parasite is direct. The adult worms may be embedded in the lining of
the intestine. The eggs are laid and passed in the droppings. Following
embryonation that takes six to eight days, the eggs are infective to any
other poultry that may eat them. The most severe damage occurs within
two weeks of infection. The parasites frequently produce severe
inflammation and sometimes cause hemorrhage. Erosion of the
intestinal lining may be extensive and result in death. These parasites
may become a severe problem in deep litter houses. Reduced growth,
egg production and fertility may result from heavy infections.
If present in large numbers, these parasites are usually easy to find at
necropsy. Eggs may be difficult to find in droppings, due to the small
size and time of infection.
Since treatment for capillaria is often lacking, control is best achieved
by preventive measures. Some drugs, fed at low levels, may be of value
in reducing the level of infection on problem farms. Game birds should
be raised on wire to remove the threat of infection. As some species of
capillaria have an indirect life cycle, control measures may have to be
directed toward the intermediate host. Hygromycin and meldane may be
used for control.
Additional vitamin A may be of value. Effective treatments that are not
approved by the Food and Drug Administration are fenbendazole and leviamisole.
All the information above can be found at www.msucares.com. It is to be used for educational purposes only.
We at www.howtoraisequail.com take no responsibility for the use or outcome of this information
-----------------------------------------------------------------
To find out more about Raising Quail visit:
How to Raise Quail.com
-----------------------------------------------------------------
# posted by Gary Ortlieb @ 3:54 PM 
